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Whole Farm Benchmarks Tool 2018-19

The Scottish Farm Business Survey is completed annually to accurately measure the performance of the main farm types found in Scotland. Check how your own business compares to the benchmarks below.

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Whole Farm Benchmarks

Dairy - 2018 Crop Year

Physical Farm Size
Under 100ha100 - 150haOver 150haUpper 25%*
Number of farms12132012
Crops:
Hectares per Farm
Wheat0.11.21.4
Barley1.23.57.53.5
Oats & mixed cereals
Potatoes
Potato land let
Oil seed rape
Other cash crops
Other cash crops land let
Set-aside and fallow
Roots and arable fodder2.15.610.810.5
Grass principally for Hay1.32.81.8
Silage45.844.3104.576.5
Grazing24.862.9111.685.4
Rough grazing0.9826.917
Total farm area74.8125.8265.4196
Total adjusted area74.1120249.3185
Total forage area72.9116.4240.5180.1
Proportion of rough grazing %1698
Livestock:
Average numbers per farm
Dairy cows121139258211
Rearing cows91011
Cattle over 2 years17224123
Cattle 1 to 2 years40699774
Cattle under 1 year76103163125
Ewes5924583
Other sheep61065290
Units per farm
Total grazing livestock units187256422339
GLU's per forage hectare2.62.21.81.9
%
Dairy cows as % of GLU65546162
* Upper 25% based on FBI as a % of Output

Dairy - 2018 Crop Year

Physical Farm Size
Under 100ha100 - 150haOver 150haUpper 25%*
Number of farms12132012
Size in hectares (adjusted)74.1120249.3185
Number of dairy cows121139258211
Farm Output from:
£ per Farm
Milk281,464273,753560,994482,742
Cattle39,54980,58480,16974,582
Sheep and wool6709,3944,3708,563
Other livestock290197327
Cereals1,2234,4149,7976,809
Other crops4,8502,7507,4295,831
BPS & coupled payments~16,87928,42749,49238,532
LFASS1302,4875,8303,515
Sundry farm income3,20012,3696,53710,199
Diversification surplus-1,1724,0323,5243,740
Output347,083418,230728,215634,540
Variable Costs:
Concentrates131,430117,662198,239145,933
Roughages15,32515,93023,86823,212
Keep taken2,3492,8645,0484,095
Vet and medicine14,62812,87218,61514,481
Sundry livestock expenses23,97221,42042,95736,021
Seeds1,5611,7484,5223,203
Fertiliser and lime14,61121,01133,22625,794
Crop sprays8321,2422,6482,278
Other crop expenses2,6361,9154,2442,891
Total Variable Costs207,346196,664333,367257,909
Farm Gross Margin139,737221,566394,848376,631
Fixed Costs:
Paid labour12,51236,47160,92157,807
Power and machinery50,58752,39493,94772,144
Overheads24,10925,73942,82832,736
Depreciation44,20953,69481,53364,949
Rent and interest13,0727,82233,01219,688
Total Fixed Costs144,490176,120312,241247,324
Farm Business Income (FBI)-4,75345,44682,607129,307
* Upper 25% based on FBI as a % of Output
~ Includes payments from the Basic Payment Scheme, Scottish Suckler Beef Support Scheme and Scottish Upland Sheep Support

Dairy - 2018 Crop Year

Physical Farm Size
Under 100ha100 - 150haOver 150haUpper 25%*
Number of farms12132012
Size in hectares (adjusted)74.1120249.3185
Number of dairy cows121139258211
Farm Output from:
£ per adjusted hectare
Milk3,7982,2812,2512,610
Cattle534672322403
Sheep and wool9781846
Other livestock4
Cereals16373937
Other crops65233032
BPS & coupled payments~228237199208
LFASS2212319
Sundry farm income431032655
Diversification surplus-16341420
Output4,6833,4852,9223,430
Variable Costs:
Concentrates1,773980795789
Roughages20713396125
Keep taken32242022
Vet and medicine1971077578
Sundry livestock expenses323178172195
Seeds:21151817
Fertiliser and lime197175133139
Crop sprays11101112
Other crop expenses36161716
Total Variable Costs2,7981,6391,3371,394
Farm Gross Margin1,8861,8461,5842,036
Fixed Costs:
Paid labour169304244313
Power and machinery683437377390
Overheads325214172177
Depreciation597447327351
Rent and interest17665132106
Total Fixed Costs1,9501,4681,2531,337
Farm Business Income (FBI)-64379331699
* Upper 25% based on FBI as a % of Output
~ Includes payments from the Basic Payment Scheme, Scottish Suckler Beef Support Scheme and Scottish Upland Sheep Support

Dairy - 2018 Crop Year

Physical Farm Size
Under 100ha100 - 150haOver 150haUpper 25%*
Number of farms12132012
Size in hectares (adjusted)74.1120249.3185
Number of dairy cows121139258211
Farm Output from:
% of output
Milk82657775
Cattle11191112
Sheep and wool211
Other livestock
Cereals111
Other crops1111
BPS & coupled payments~5776
LFASS111
Sundry farm income1312
Diversification surplus11
Output100100100100
Variable Costs:
Concentrates39292623
Roughages4434
Keep taken1111
Vet and medicine4332
Sundry livestock expenses7566
Seeds:11
Fertiliser and lime4554
Crop sprays
Other crop expenses11
Total Variable Costs60474641
Farm Gross Margin (FGM)^40535459
Fixed Costs:
Paid labour4989
Power and machinery14121312
Overheads7665
Depreciation13131110
Rent and interest4253
Total Fixed Costs42424339
Farm Business Income (FBI)^0111120
* Upper 25% based on FBI as a % of Output
~ Includes payments from the Basic Payment Scheme, Scottish Suckler Beef Support Scheme and Scottish Upland Sheep Support
^If a positive FGM or FBI is not achieved, a zero is recorded in the above table

Dairy - 2018 Crop Year

Livestock Sales
Physical Farm Size
Under 100ha100 - 150haOver 150haUpper 25%*
Number of farms12132012
Livestock:
Number per farm
Dairy cows31346153
Heifers in calf1312
Stores over 1 year19555555
Stores 6-12 months22
Calves37304647
Fat cattle31174
Store lambs
Fat lambs613865
Fat sheep145829
Livestock:
£ per head
Dairy cows660661556566
Heifers in calf1,2631,1671,5681,106
Stores over 1 year896876785837
Stores 6-12 months200720726
Calves162216129155
Fat cattle1,3869131,089868
Store lambs
Fat lambs7780.3278.7981.66
Fat sheep84.893.0284.3293
Livestock Purchases
Dairy - 2018 Crop Year
Physical Farm Size
Under 100ha100 - 150haOver 150haUpper 25%*
Number of farms12132012
Livestock:
Number per farm
Dairy cows6533
Heifers in calf4111
Stores over 1 year132
Stores 6-12 months
Calves121
Store lambs138
Livestock:
£ per head
Dairy cows9671,4431,2331,326
Heifers in calf1,4071,2501,4711,232
Stores over 1 year1,0009921,010
Stores 6-12 months
Calves288200257200
Store lambs26.4326.43
* Upper 25% based on FBI as a % of Output

Dairy - 2018 Crop Year

Physical Farm Size
Under 100ha100 - 150haOver 150haUpper 25%*
Number of farms12132012
Yield:
Tonnes per hectare
Wheat8.29.39.3
Barley5.76.75.97.2
Oats and mixed cereals
Potatoes
Oil seed rape
Crop output:
£ per hectare
Wheat1,4961,6861,686
Barley1,0241,2031,0301,291
Oats and mixed cereals
Potatoes
Potato land let
Oil seed rape
Other cash crops
Other cash crops land let
Average prices (current crop year sales):
£ per tonne
Wheat
Barley138
Oats and mixed cereals
Potatoes
Oil seed rape
Milk and Grazing Livestock Output
Dairy - 2018 Crop Year
Physical Farm Size
Under 100ha100 - 150haOver 150haUpper 25%*
Number of farms12132012
Milk production:
Litres
per farm1,032,0391,001,1621,946,9561,650,012
per cow8,5027,2277,5427,814
per forage hectare14,1548,6038,0949,161
%
% winter milk52505049
pence
Price per litre27.2727.3528.8229.27
£
Milk output per cow2,3191,9762,1732,286
Grazing livestock output per forage hectare4,4123,1262,6843,142
* Upper 25% based on FBI as a % of Output