Bluetongue Virus Update

While there are no reported cases in Scotland, as of 21st April, according to the DEFRA website, there have been 337 cases of bluetongue in England, Wales, and Northern Ireland in the 2025 to 2026 bluetongue season. These have included cases in calves born with neurological signs and blindness, and abortions and stillbirths.   

Protecting Against Bluetongue 

Vaccination is the best way to protect your stock against Bluetongue. There are three vaccines available on a special import licence, that can be ordered from your vet. The uptake of vaccination in Scotland is still considered relatively low, which means a large proportion of the national herd and flock is susceptible to the virus.  

How Bluetongue Spreads 

Bluetongue is spread by midges. The midge becomes infected by biting an infected animal. The virus then needs to develop in the midge, which is temperature dependent. DEFRA have reported that temperatures are rising and the midges that spread bluetongue became active again on 2nd April. The risk of spread through midges is still low because it hasn’t been warm enough for long enough for the virus to develop inside the midges. As temperature rises, the time to develop in the midge significantly reduces. At 20C, it takes around 5 days.  

Restriction Zones are in Place 

All of England and Wales are in a bluetongue restricted zone which means animals can move within and between England and Wales without a specific bluetongue licence or pre-movement test. Restrictions apply to animals moving into Scotland from England, Wales and Northern Ireland. Currently, the movement restrictions have been relaxed due to lower temperatures and reduced midge activity. This started on 21st September 2025 and is expected to last until 31st May 2026. During this period, some class of animals can move without testing, while others still require testing. Further information can be found here. From 1st June, the previous movement restrictions will return, requiring a test, or full course of vaccination (in cattle). Further information can be found here.

More Information 

Bluetongue Virus – Ruminant Health & Welfare The Bluetongue virus (BTV) hub is an excellent source of information and updates on BTV. Please consult this for more detail.

 

Sarah Balfour, SAC Consulting

Alwyn Jones, SRUC Vet Services, Alwyn.Jones@sac.co.uk