Bulling at Grass – Nutritional Management in a Hot & Dry Period
29 May 2025Pasture growth has slowed dramatically across much of the country as a result of the May dry spell. With bulls shortly heading out to spring calving herds, it is important not to leave nutritional management to chance, particularly when the recovery of grazing grass may be slow. Cows with calves at foot going to the bull are a priority for nutrition due to their high demand of milk from the young calves and energy needed for breeding. Energy intake influences the time cows take to start cycling and egg quality.
In areas that have experienced very dry weather and slowed grass growth, there will be a lot of pressure on grazing fields. In drought conditions it is easy to overgraze fields leaving insufficient green leaf to give energy to the plant. There needs to be enough green leaf there so, when rain does come, the grass can make the most of the moisture and take up nutrients quickly. Longer length, drought-stressed grass may head much quicker than normal and may be rejected by cows. In this situation topping grass can be useful; cows will eat what is cut more easily and the regrowth, when rain comes, will be of better quality.
Dealing with a Grass Shortage
To ensure cows meet their energy requirements, and therefore giving them the best chance of holding to the bull and maintaining the pregnancy, here are a few options to consider if grass is tight:
- Rotational grazing - this allows grass time to recover, avoids grazing too low and gives grass a rest. If grass is below 6cm cows will need supplementary feeding.
- Reduce grazing demand - prioritise grass for lactating and bulling animals; sell unproductive animals. If grazing is tight consider selling or housing growing/finishing stock and feeding in the shed, if left over forage is available.
- Supplementary feed - If grass is below 6cm and growth is slow this can take pressure off overgrazing fields. Speak to a nutritionist about whether it needs to be forage, concentrates or both. This will depend on number of cattle, area and growth.
- Early Feed budgeting – Will you need to graze fields that are destined for silage? This will have consequences for winter feed stocks, plan for this.
- Creep Feed Calves – depending on their age it may be appropriate to take the pressure of the cows by supplementing the calves directly.
Mitigating Heat Stress
Heat stress can also impact bulling activity and success, to mitigate this ensure:
- Water supply is good and that it is always plentiful and fresh
- There are some shaded areas in the field
- Nutritional needs are met
- Salt licks and minerals supplements supplied near the watering area
Consider Supplementation
Trace elements (copper, cobalt, selenium, iodine and zinc) also play a vital role in cow fertility and grass tends to fall short in trace elements and magnesium. Levels in grass vary widely depending on soil type, sward composition and stage of growth so it is always important to take a holistic approach when looking at mineral nutrition. Mineral supplementation is about “risk and reward” and as grass is generally short on trace elements there is a risk associated with not supplementing. However, if the base ration is not providing sufficient energy to the cow, no mineral supplement is going to make up for this.
Karen Stewart, SAC Consulting
Further Resources
More information can be found in the Forage First Systems booklet at
https://www.sruc.ac.uk/media/cavh2wmm/forage-first-suckler-systems-530544-dec-2023.pdf
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