The Dairy Labour Crisis – Who will Milk the Cows Tomorrow?

Faced with these challenges, a growing number of dairy farmers are turning to automation—not as a futuristic ambition, but as a practical response to labour scarcity. Instead of relying on multiple staff members to perform repetitive milking tasks at fixed times, automated systems allow cows to be milked voluntarily throughout the day. This approach enhances the public’s perception of animal health and welfare and increases operational flexibility, whilst allowing businesses to maintain consistent routines even when staffing levels are stretched. 

Despite its benefits, automation of farming is not without challenges. Robotic systems require significant upfront investment, ongoing maintenance and access to technical support. However, as access to reliable labour becomes more uncertain, the long-term security offered by automated milking is outweighing concerns around capital investment. Robots provide consistent, dependable performance, making them a reliable asset on farm. 

The adoption of automated systems can support workforce retention. An improved work–life balance, combined with increased access to data and advanced technology, is making dairy roles more attractive to younger industry entrants, and encourages existing staff to remain within the industry. 

Robotic installation on farms is increasing, with 10% of UK farms already using robotic milking systems. Automated systems constitute 35% of all new milking equipment being purchased. In Holland 40% of dairy farms are automated, with some Scandinavian countries as high as 50%. The number of cows milked through robotic systems is expected to more than double in the next 5 years ​(Wynnstay, 2021)​